Tamed by topology

T cells tamed by statins

An excess of proteinase receptors in the brain aggravates demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggest Noorbakhsh and colleagues on page 425. Mice lacking proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR 2), they show, are protected from the brain damage characteristic of experimental autoimmune encephalomy-elitis (EAE), a model of MS. PAR 2 , a G protein–coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like ser...

Major Global Killer Tamed by Hydrogen

M ycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) has only one hostus. Specimens of our earliest known upright ancestors, Homo erectus, from more than 500,000 years ago show pathology consistent with TB disease, and whole genome sequences of TB strains have been constructed from the remains of Peruvian mummies that were over 1000 years old. Despite our long and intimate rel...

Leprosy Tamed

The meningococcus tamed?

Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is a frequent cause of invasive meningococcal disease, yet there are no effective vaccines suitable for routine immunisation. Limited efficacy has been shown with meningococcal outer membrane vacccines in children 4 years and older. Here we review the status of current research and consider new approaches to development of meningococcal serogroup B vaccines.

Generalized tamed frequency modulation

Continued investigation of Tamed Frequency Modulation (TFM) has led to an extension, called Generalized Tamed Frequency Modulation (GTFM). The features of GTFM are based on the possibility to select different combinations of parameters which characterize the process of waveform generation. This still allows for the generation of a constant envelope modulated signal with a spectrum similar to TF...